Historical Regions

Alsace-Lorraine

The Rhine borderland Germany ruled as an imperial territory from 1871 to 1918

Bactria

The ancient land of the Oxus, where Greek kings once ruled in Central Asia

Bessarabia

The land between the Prut and the Dniester, traded among empires for more than a century

Bohemia

The mountain-ringed heart of Czechia, a kingdom for more than seven centuries

Bukovina

The beech-forested Carpathian land divided between Romania and Ukraine

Courland

The western Latvian duchy that once held colonies in Africa and the Caribbean

Dalmatia

The island-fringed Adriatic coast of Croatia, ruled in turn by Rome, Venice, and Vienna

Galicia (Central Europe)

The Habsburg crown land along the Carpathians, now divided between Poland and Ukraine

Gaul

The Celtic lands Caesar conquered, from the Pyrenees to the Rhine

Livonia

The crusader land of the eastern Baltic, now shared by Latvia and Estonia

Manchuria

The Qing homeland of Northeast Asia, divided between China and Russia

Moravia

The eastern Czech land of the Morava River, wine country, and an early Slavic state

Pomerania

The Baltic "land by the sea," divided at the Oder between Germany and Poland

Silesia

The Oder basin that passed from Bohemia to Austria, Prussia, and finally Poland

Transylvania

The Carpathian-ringed plateau of Romania, once a principality between empires